NUMBA 1 assignment Strategic Planning Essays - Strategic Management

NUMBA 1 assignment Strategic Planning Essays - Strategic Management The success or failure of a business is attributed to its strategy'. You are required to make a critical comparison between two companies in the same industry and compare and contrast their strategic choices which led to their differences as you would see today. Make a clear distinction between their standing as you perceive. In developing your analysis, explain the relevance of micro and macro environmental factors and how these companies responded to these factors. Make specific references to SWOT, PESTEL, Porter's 5 Forces as relevant to the companies you have chosen for this analysis. (1,250 - 1, 50 0 words) Business landscape is rapidly changing in many industries in Sri Lanka due to global trends and government priorities. These changes will require innovative strategic initiatives to be adopted by old established companies if they have to survive the onslaught of competition that will sweep the local environment over the next few years. Ide ntify a specific sector and discuss what long term and short term innovative strategic initiatives that could be adopted in order to survive such an onslaught of competition. (1,25 0 - 1, 500 words) You feel the Vision, Mission and Values are merely decorative statements. How will y ou make Vision, Mission and Values more effective to realize sustainability in an organisation's success? State examples from local or international companies. (1,000 - 1,250 words) Select 5 strategic planning tools and illustrate the usefulness of these tools in relation to practical examples. (1,000 - 1,250 words)

Biography of José Santos Zelaya

Biography of Josà © Santos Zelaya Josà © Santos Zelaya (1853-1919) was a Nicaraguan dictator and president from 1893 to 1909. His record is a mixed one: the country progressed in terms of railroads, communications, commerce, and education, but he was also a tyrant who jailed or assassinated his critics and stirred up rebellions in neighboring nations. By 1909 his enemies had multiplied enough to drive him from office, and he spent the rest of his life in exile in Mexico, Spain, and New York. Early Life Josà © was born into a wealthy family of coffee growers. They were able to send Josà © to the best schools, including some in Paris, which was quite the fashion for young Central Americans of means. Liberals and Conservatives were feuding at the time, and the country was ruled by a series of Conservatives from 1863 to 1893. Josà © joined a Liberal group and soon rose to a position of leadership. Rise to the Presidency The Conservatives had held onto power in Nicaragua for 30 years, but their grip was beginning to loosen. President Roberto Sacasa (in office 1889-1893) saw his party splinter when former President Joaquà ­n Zavala led an internal revolt: the result was three different Conservative presidents at different times in 1893. With the Conservatives in disarray, the Liberals were able to seize power with the assistance of the military. Forty-year-old Josà © Santos Zelaya was the Liberals’ choice for President. Annex of the Mosquito Coast Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast had long been a bone of contention between Nicaragua, Great Britain, the United States and the Miskito Indians who made their home there (and who gave the place its name). Great Britain declared the area a protectorate, hoping eventually to establish a colony there and perhaps construct a canal to the Pacific. Nicaragua has always claimed the area, however, and Zelaya sent forces to occupy and annex it in 1894, naming it the Province of Zelaya. Great Britain decided to let it go, and although the US sent some Marines to occupy the city of Bluefields for a while, they, too, retreated. Corruption Zelaya proved to be a despotic ruler. He drove his Conservative opponents into ruin and even ordered some of them arrested, tortured and killed. He turned his back on his liberal supporters, instead surrounding himself with like-minded crooks. Together, they sold concessions to foreign interests and kept the money, siphoned off of lucrative state monopolies, and increased tolls and taxes. Progress It wasn’t all bad for Nicaragua under Zelaya. He built new schools and improved education by providing books and materials and raising teacher salaries. He was a big believer in transportation and communication, and new railroads were built. Steamers carried goods across the lakes, coffee production boomed, and the country prospered, especially those individuals with connections to President Zelaya. He also built up the national capital at neutral Managua, leading to a decrease in the feuding between traditional powers Leà ³n and Granada. Central American Union Zelaya had a vision of a united Central America- with himself as President, of course. To this end, he started stirring up unrest in neighboring countries. In 1906, he invaded Guatemala, allied with El Salvador and Costa Rica. He supported a rebellion against the government of Honduras, and when that failed, he sent the Nicaraguan army into Honduras. Together with the El Salvadoran Army, they were able to defeat the Hondurans and occupy Tegucigalpa. The Washington Conference of 1907 This prompted Mexico and the United States to call for the Washington Conference of 1907, at which a legal body called the Central American Court was created to solve disputes in Central America. The small countries of the region signed an agreement not to meddle in one another’s affairs. Zelaya signed but did not stop trying to stir up rebellions in neighboring countries. Rebellion By 1909 Zelaya’s enemies had multiplied. The United States considered him an impediment to their interests, and he was despised by Liberals as well as Conservatives in Nicaragua. In October, Liberal General Juan Estrada declared a rebellion. The United States, which had been keeping some warships close to Nicaragua, quickly moved to support it. When two Americans who were among the rebels were captured and killed, the US broke off diplomatic relations and once again sent Marines into Bluefields, ostensibly to protect US investments. Exile and Legacy of Josà © Santos Zelaya Zelaya, no fool, could see the writing on the wall. He left Nicaragua in December of 1909, leaving the treasury empty and the nation in shambles. Nicaragua had much foreign debt, most of it to European nations and Washington sent experienced diplomat Thomas C. Dawson to sort things out. Eventually, the Liberals and Conservatives returned to bickering, and the US occupied Nicaragua in 1912, making it a protectorate in 1916. As for Zelaya, he spent time in exile in Mexico, Spain, and even New York, where he was briefly jailed for his role in the deaths of the two Americans in 1909. He died in 1919. Zelaya left a mixed legacy in his nation. Long after the mess he had left had been cleared up, the good remained: the schools, the transportation, the coffee plantations, etc. Even though most Nicaraguans hated him in 1909, by the late twentieth-century opinion of him had improved enough for his likeness to be featured on Nicaragua’s 20 Cordoba note. His defiance of the United States and Great Britain over the Mosquito Coast in 1894 contributed greatly to his legend, and it is this act which is still remembered most about him today. Memories of his dictatorship have also faded due to subsequent strongmen taking over Nicaragua, such as Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a. In many ways, he was a precursor to the corrupt men that followed him into the President’s chair, but their malfeasance eventually overshadowed his. Sources: Foster, Lynn V. New York: Checkmark Books, 2007. Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Pros and Cons of a Person With a Mental Illness as a US President Essay

Pros and Cons of a Person With a Mental Illness as a US President - Essay Example Some mental disorders have symptoms which may negatively affect not only the patient him or herself but also the other people around which is classified as a violation of one’s freedom and certain right in every individual case. Delusions of the President would negatively affect his decisions making: the decision made in a condition of delusion would be characterized by nonsense, for example, to close all the universities or increase the taxes by 1000 times. Obviously, these ideas are not realistic, but the person with a mental illness would not react to such statements and would go on reckoning that only he or she is right. Hallucinations are also negative things for the person acting as a US President: for example, some decision may be taken properly, but it may turn out to be that the patient with a mental disorder has taken advice from a phantom, not from a real person, and revealing this fact would create concern among the public. Disorganized behavior is also a symptom which makes a person unpredictable: for example, today the President feels excited and makes good presents and treats the people around good, but tomorrow he or she may become very aggressive and apply the behavior model which is not proper for a country leader. Taking the above said into consideration, it is possible to state that there are more cons than pros in the possibility of a mentally ill person becoming the US President, and they all concern the way the other people may be affected by a person subjected to a certain mental illness.

Consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Consumer behavior - Essay Example A manager has to come up with a strategy that will ensure that the sales promotion efforts put in place are profitable and achieving the set goals by the company. In the case of the first problem of increasing the sales volume of the company, a manger should make an analysis of the previous sales levels before the sales promotions and the new sales volume achieved after the sales promotion strategies. The aim of sales promotion is to increase the sales volume. Therefore, if the promotions will have no effect on the sales volume, then it would be appropriate to scrap off the sales promotions. Sales promotions are usually the capital intensive, therefore, the management should ensure that benefits outweigh the costs. That means that a high pricing strategy should be formulated to ensure that the high prices compensate for the increased costs. The sales promotions should also be tailor made for the target market and regions that the company has not ventured in. that will ensure an incre ase in the market share of the company. In the problem of the issue of the promotions being profitable as expected, a company can list down the profits against the costs of the company. The strategies formulated should be aimed at increasing profits and the market share of the company. In such a situation, the company can set a relatively higher price and aim at increasing the sales volume (Feinberg 281).The manager should ensure that efficiency is maximized to cut down on the costs of the company.

Hathaway and Scottish Power Essay Example for Free

Hathaway and Scottish Power Essay 1.What is the possible meaning of the changes in stock price for Berkshire Hathaway and Scottish Power plc on the day of the acquisition announcement? Specifically, what does the $2.55 billion gain in Berkshire’s market value of equity imply about the intrinsic value of PacifiCorp? 2.Based on the multiples for comparable regulated utilities, what is the range of possible values for PacifiCorp? What questions might you have about this range? 3.Assess the bid for PacifiCorp. How does it compare with the firm’s intrinsic value? As an alternative, the instructor could suggest that students perform a simple discounted cash-flow (DCF) analysis. 4.How well has Berkshire Hathaway performed? How well has it performed in the aggregate? What about its investment in MidAmerican Energy Holdings? 5.What is your assessment of Berkshire’s investments in Buffett’s Big Four: American Express, Coca-Cola, Gillette, and Wells Fargo? 6.From Warren Buffett’s perspective, what is the intrinsic value? Why is it accorded such importance? How is it estimated? What are the alternatives to intrinsic value? Why does Buffett reject them? 7.Critically assess Buffett’s investment philosophy. Be prepared to identify points where you agree and disagree with him. 8.Should Berkshire Hathaway’s shareholders endorse the acquisition of PacifiCorp? 1.What does the stock market seem to be saying about the acquisition of PacifiCorp by Berkshire Hathaway? 2.Based on your own analysis, what do you think PacifiCorp was worth on its own before its acquisition by Berkshire? 3.Do you think Buffett is overpaying? 4.Here are the major elements of Buffett’s philosophy. What do those elements mean? Do you agree with them? 5.Let’s return to the basic issue. Is the PacifiCorp acquisition a good or bad deal? Why?

The Lance :: Essays Papers

The Lance The lance, a staff weapon was used during the chivalric era. The lance was mainly used during a tournament. Tournaments were held as a type of competition for knights. The tournaments served as a source of entertainment and also a means to keep knights fit and in practice. During the tournament if the lance began to break or splinter one point was scored. If the lance broke it would be replaced with a new one. If the lance broke again, the two knights would dismount horses and begin to fight with swords. The tournaments were encouraged to contain chivalric behavior and attitude. The lance was also used in warfare. At the beginning of any battle the two sides would line up and begin to charge at each other holding out a lance to knock the opposition off of their horses. The jousting was primarily done at the beginning of a battle, and then the knights would dismount and charge with swords, daggers, or axes. The lance could also the used on the ground, but not nearly as successful as it would be used on a horse. A lance was used in jousting. It was about 11 feet long with a 6-inch blade, and the blade was shaped like a leaf. It was used to throw the other knight off his horse. More armor was created after the wide use of the lance. The vamplate was created to protect the hand and arm, and breastplates to help stabilize the knight as he galloped on his horse. The lance itself is very chivalric. It's large length, and weight made it challenge for knights to fight with one. It was a challenge in itself to use a lance, and anyone who could do so with elegance was considered chivalric. It took great practice to use a lance successfully. A quintain was used as target practice for the one using the lance. As most chivalric weapons a great deal of practice was required to become successful with a lance. The chivalric era contained many weapons, but the lance truly symbolizes the chivalric era.

Womens’ Liberation Movement Notes

The Women's Liberation Movement AKA: Women's Lib Feminist Movement or Women's Rights Movement â€Å"Feminism is the radical notion that women are human beings† -women fighting male power structure Women, you may be feminist if you: -had lots of choices after high school -had the option of college/grad school -have a career/job and family -plan to be a doctor, lawyer, engineer (professional) -support fair work salary for any work -workplace is free of sexual discrimination -participate in women's sports -go to a woman doctor -vote in any political race -run for any political office intend to use daycare -can get a divorce (custody) -â€Å"You have the choose of wearing jeans and tennis shoes instead of a girdle and heels† â€Å"man is not the enemy here but the fellow victim† -Betty Friedan -If civil rights are denied by somebody, it affects everybody Men, you may be feminist if you: -are in college or have had other opportunities because of mom's good job to cont ribute to income -mom had support services to help raise you/siblings -have a content, stay at home mom -have ever been asked out by a girl (or paid) Understand and Appreciate Art -How is it put together? What do I personally bring? -Where did it come from? (Context) The First Wave of Feminism 1848-1920 -Women's Rights Convention *Seneca Falls, NY: July 19-20, 1848 -19th Amendment *ratified June 26, 1920 *voting day: November 2, 1920 Second Wave of Feminism 1960s-70s State of Women's Rights in 1848 by Custom and/or Law -Economic *could not buy/sell property *could not enter into contracts without husband's consent *actually seen as property -Social *no recourse to spousal abuse *no divorce without husband's consent *few custody rights over kids *could not go out in public alone Educational *denied any education *denied education in math, language *most could not go to college *could not enter the professions (law, engineering) *some women attended â€Å"female seminars† or â €Å"academies† to become teachers; once they were married, however, they were fired -Political *could not serve on a jury *could not testify in a case (too emotional, not trustworthy) *could not vote (not smart, too delicate, â€Å"vote like husband†) Lizzy Borden: acquitted by a jury of 12 men: â€Å"not guilty† of killing her two parents â€Å"Lizzie Borden took an axe And gave her mother forty whacks.When she saw what she had done She gave her father forty-one. † The Birth of the Women's Movement -Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott attended the World Anti-Slavery Convention with their husbands in London; they were denied seats because they were women -The women reunited at a tea party at the McKlintock House in July 1848 (Seneca Falls, NY) and decided on a convention -Stanton mostly wrote the â€Å"The Declaration of Rights and Sentiments† *†We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal† List of Grievances -never exercised the right to vote he made her morally, an irresponsible being -in the eye of the law, married women were â€Å"dead† -denied right to education -denied divorce rights -demeaned to second-class citizens Women's Rights Convention, July 19-20, 1848 -300 men and women gathered at the Wesleyan Methodist Church, Seneca Falls, NY -Ratification of their Declaration -Fight over the 11th amendment (suffrage) -Frederick Douglass (great orator, ex-slave, equivalent to Malcolm X) fought for women's rights at the convention: compared value of women as lesser than animals in society Video Clip Notes: Not for Ourselves Alone- Seneca Falls narrations from female historians reflecting -procession of women to Seneca Falls -July 19, only women attended; July 20, open to all (over 300 men and women) -Lucretia's husband was asked to lead (the women were nervous because they never spoke in public) -men decried women of their rights -68 men and women signed their Decl aration -11 new conditions, only 10 were passed; still no right to vote -â€Å"The right to vote is ours. Have it we must, use it we will† -Stanton -â€Å"Without the vote, women would be unable to change the laws that hurt them† -Douglass The Suffrage Movement Susan B. Anthony (died 1906) *Last public words: â€Å"Failure is impossible† *One of four women and 2 modern women to be on money -Carrie Chapman Catt -Alice Paul â€Å"Iron Jawed Angels† (film) -women jailed for fighting for suffrage The End of the First Wave -Ratification of the 19th Amendment, June 29, 1920 Sufragette: women (1920s) who fought for women's rights Video Clip Notes -Interview with Ruth Dyk (98 yrs. old): mom was a suffragette -Interview with Ethel Hall (100 yrs. old) -more than 8 million women voted -14 years for women to vote since Declaration Stanton and Anthony did not get to vote because they died One Step Forward, Two Steps Back -Some improvement -loss of â€Å"steam† -Great Depression (â€Å"Migrant Mother† iconic Great Depression photo taken by Dorothy Lange, 1936) â€Å"We Can Do It! † World War II : The 1940s -women take over â€Å"masculine jobs† to help win the war -â€Å"if you've used an electric mixer in your kitchen, you can learn to run a drill press† -â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† represented a lot of women; iconic poster by J. Howard Miller -6 million women became Rosie's -â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† by the Four Vagabonds (song) Marilyn Monroe (Norma Jane Baker) was a Rosie working with planes, when a photographer saw her and took army photos -Fannie Lou Hamer: sharecropper who became a significant voting rights and civil rights activist Rush to the Altar mid-late 1940s -soldiers come home, women go home, men take back the jobs Marriage rate: 1948- 16. 4%; 2008- 7. 1% Traditional Housewives (Suburbs) 1950s -normalcy after the war -traditional families/sex roles -PhT (Putting Husband Through) and Mrs. degrees (women going to college to find a husband) -the ideal of the housewife â€Å"the feminine mystique† Video Clip Notes: â€Å"Why Study Home Economics† (University of Kansas) -â€Å"I'm going to need to know† -â€Å".. homemaker the rest of my life† -we're going to get married, no choice -Counselor: â€Å"Home Ec training teaches you how to be a better homemaker† Ultimate Goal: Marriage and Family -regardless of education -TV Show â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† portrayed traditional family roles -TV was new in the 50s: what messages were TV shows sending to men and women? -â€Å"Drop the Mop† song (â€Å"Equal jobs and educational opportunities†) The Winds of Discontent (late 50s, early 60s) legal job discrimination -1/3 women working outside of home (low paying jobs, laid off first, â€Å"glass ceiling†) -After WWII, new technology -Airline jobs- as soon as a stewardess got married, she was fired; wasn't the same for pilots (only could be male) -teaching was considered the â€Å"best job† (others were secretaries, but no professions) -Lorena Weeks: Used 1964 legislation to fight the legal discrimination at work *operated switchboards under bad hours and low pay Dissatisfied Housewives -Betty Friedan â€Å"voice of dissatisfied housewives† -Wrote â€Å"The Feminine Mystique† (1953)Video Clip Notes -K. Foley: working wife/mother *frozen opportunities and lack of jobs -Dust Roady: earned college degree in 1950, wanted to be a pilot, denied position and only offered to be a stewardess Video Clip Notes: Eastern Airlines commercial -discriminatory and demeaning towards female (stewardesses) -they were fired at age 32, versus male pilots being fired at age 60 -Friedan challenged the identity of women in her book; â€Å".. cannot find herself in a house† -not all women bought her message, however -Jacqui Ceball â€Å"it wasn't us, it was society†The President's Commiss ion on the Status of Women 1961 -JFK's presidency: women were paid $0. 59 for every $1 men were paid -2008: women were paid $0. 77 for every $1 men were paid -low, unequal pay -poor job opportunities -quotas in professional schools (only a certain number of women) -lack of social services -TV show â€Å"All in the Family† – wage disparity (Archie was the husband) -60s: some nuns got rid of their habits (changes in the church) â€Å"The personal is political† -social restrictions *†men only† and â€Å"women only† public places women were isolated in their own homes- they couldn't meet up and talk -this issue lead to â€Å"Consciousness Raising Groups,† where women could talk about anything in privacy without men or children -battered women's shelters -contraceptive rights, including abortion (Roe V. Wade) -rape laws -Before Second Wave Feminism, issues such as abusive relationships were â€Å"personal problems,† not â€Å"society 's problem† -However, feminists argued that society needs to be involved with solving these problems Video Clip Notes -Women try to enter men's bar â€Å"women are people,† â€Å"start all over† (black and whites, men and women)Video Clip Notes â€Å"Second-Class Citizens† -60s: in some states, women needed husband's cosign to get a credit card -70s: women would not be interrupted during consciousness raising group meetings -women's strike â€Å"don't iron while the strike is hot† The Mid 60s-70s -Civil Rights Act 1964 banned discrimination (race and gender) -National Organization for Women (NOW) 1966 *created by Betty Friedan; still one of the largest poetical organizations for women's rights today *aimed at men too (better for them) *not all feminists of 60s agreed with her (like MLK vs Malcolm X)Miss America Protest 1968 -Guerrilla theatre Video Clip Notes -March on Washington 1963 -led to critical victory for minorities and women: LBJ signs Civi l Rights Act -Lorena Weeks cited the Civil RIghts Act to fight *it took 5 years and an appeal to the Supreme Court, but she got the job she wanted -Women in white robes praying â€Å"Mother, Daughter, Holy Granddaughter† -to feminists: Miss America Pageant was epitome of â€Å"ideal woman† -female protestors threw bras, girdles, makeup, and heels in trash -Shirley Chisholm: equal pay and equal opportunities in stock market: feminismWomen's Liberation: â€Å"I Am Woman, Hear Me Roar† -Helen Reddy -Politics -Legal System -Wall Street -Media -Medicine -Arts -Sports -Pop Culure -ALL AREAS â€Å"The Feminine Mystique,† or Betty, Tina, Mrs. Robinson, and all those other housewives Betty Friedan 1921-2006 -Smith College 1942 -Wife, mother, housewife, writer, feminist leader -â€Å"The Feminist Mystique† -Worked as a journalist in 50s, but got fired when she got pregnant; she then did free-lance magazine work from home How did the Feminist Mystique get sta rted? -â€Å"McCall's† magazine â€Å"women's† magazine that catered to women's issues; asked Friedan to write a piece *Friedan interviewed women she graduated with and asked them â€Å"What has been your experience as a woman? † -The initial title of the article was to be â€Å"The Togetherness Woman† (the happy, ideal, traditional woman) -Smith College's Class of 1942 15th reunion What did McCall's expect to find? -ideal 50s women -high levels of satisfaction and happiness -LIFE Magazine, December 1956: â€Å"ideal American woman†¦white, middle-class, frivolous, spoiled, beautiful, boy crazy.. † Ideal 50s Woman -Feminine -Delicate Not intellectual -Compliant -Content -Him-focused -Family-focused -House-focused Video Clip Notes -Christian Dior set standards for fashion trends during wartime -Hourglass figure, girdles and slim shapes with big bust -â€Å"feminine, sexy† -Contestants had to peel potatoes and make a bed in Miss America Pa geant Barbie -invented in 1959 -commercial doll (doll $3, clothes $1-5) -Mattel International Video Clip Notes: Xerox commercial -first machine in 1959 -take-off on Marilyn Monroe, ditzy secetary -overall message: â€Å"So easy a woman can do it† A Housewife's Day -PTA meetings Shopping -Seeing her friends -In her kitchen What did Friedan's survey actually find? -discontent, unhappy -unexplained fatigue and physical illness -prescription drug use sky rocketed *3 years: 1. 2 million pounds of Miltown (tranquilizer) had been taken by women (mid 50s) -lack of interest in the world or hope for the future -went beyond her college peers She found that for women†¦. -College graduate rates: 60% drop out (PhT) -Marriage rates up, age down (average 20yrs and dropping in late 50s) -Skyrocketing birthrate -Labor Market: 1/3 working; nonprofessional â€Å"jobs† Politics: Congress- more in 40s than in the 50s What did Friedan conclude? -Women suffer from â€Å"the problem that has no name† *The housewife's â€Å"blight† (doctors used these terms, even) -Psychological problem: lack of identity -Trapped in a dilemma *Homemaker lifestyle that was the envy of many but not fulfilling, especially to the educated woman -McCall's denied Friedan's magazine Article (editors were men) What is the Feminine Mystique? -Post WWII ideology that a woman can and should only be fulfilled as a housewife and mother -Resistance: sickness, abnormality Intentionally pervasive throughout society -Fight back against Feminine Mystique is the Women's Lib Movement What did Friedan do? -Wrote â€Å"the Feminine Mystique† (1963) *†scream of pain† -Changed the course of history -Became a pioneer of the Second Wave -Remember: Susan B. Anthony was a pioneer of the First Wave Possible â€Å"Why? † Theories -nation's need to return to pre-war â€Å"normalcy†? -â€Å"Artificial Buoyancy† idea that in society, there are people who feel the y want to be on top, meaning some have to sink to the bottom (men vs. omen) -need for a consumer class with time and desire to shop The Freudian â€Å"Why† Theory -Sigmund Freud: Father of psychology and psychiatry -Anatomy is destiny *Women are anatomically built to be mothers -â€Å"Normal female traits are receptivity and passivity†¦a willingness to accept dependence. † -Freud is a â€Å"male chauvinist pig† -Shulamith Firestone coined this phrase Friedan's Conclusion: All the theories are true -The Feminine Mystique is pervasive in society and it is the result of an intentional conspiracy by the male-dominated society to keep things male-dominated The Stepford Wives Sci-fi book by Ira Levin: men find a way to turn their wives into robots (ideal 50s woman) -Movies: 1975- thriller; 2004- spoof (credits show many different shots to send his message) The Graduate (1967) -#7 American Film Institute: Best movie of all time -Book written by Charles Webb- gradu ated from William College then wrote it -Ann Bancroft (who inspired Professor Loughran to act very young) played â€Å"Mrs. Robinson,† an unhappy housewife -Dustin Hoffman plays â€Å"Benjamin,† a discontent college graduate; actor was originally supposed to be tall and attractive, like Robert Redford -Katharine Ross Music: Simon and Garfunkel wrote the theme song, which was originally supposed to be â€Å"Mrs. Roosevelt† -Director: Mike Nichols Video Clip Notes â€Å"the Graduate† -Scene begins after Ben's graduation party -Mrs. Robinson resorts to alcohol and music -â€Å"Mrs. Robinson you're trying to seduce me† Diary of a Mad Housewife (1970) -Comedy of manners: making fun of a certain segment of society -exploring dangers of Feminine Mystique in a humorous way -Making fun of upper, affluent lifestyles of these people Early Days of TV -1939 World Fair -Rapid expansion *Post WWII leisure *Better technology Better programming -Content *news, dram a, variety shows *live broadcast *advertising 1955: Fort Wayne, Indiana -Social Lives -Education -Business -Church TV and Politics -JFK AKA â€Å"TV President† -TV was live in the 60s *death of Lee Harvey Oswald was aired 1950s/60s TV: A Man's World â€Å"Women's lives are so dull†¦ they don't need TV shows† â€Å"women can make decisions in comedies.. † -Norman Felton, MGM Executive Producer -Madelyn Martin, writer for â€Å"Lucy† shows Television's Portrayal of Women (according to Friedan) -boring -jealous -inept -foolish -dependent -weak -silly -spoiled -materialistic â€Å"I Married Joan† (1954 Daytime TV Show) *Joan Davis (like Lucille Ball) *†Mrs. Bradley Stevens† (married to judge_ Marlo Thomas: Arts Hero -Personal Life *Born 1937 *Daughter of Danny Thomas (comedy â€Å"Danny Thomas Show†) *grew up privileged *wife/stepmother Phil Donaghue (precursor to Oprah, similar talk show) *didn't want to get married *saw mistre atment of women firsthand in acting industry *wanted to be an actress, and was concerned about making it on her own Acting -TV Series: That Girl, among others -Film -Theater Writing -Free to Be†¦You and Me (healthier children's book) *books, CDs, and TV specialsOther -Producer -Speaker -Awards: Lucy Award (outstanding women in TV), Emmy, Golden Globe, Grammy *same as Sidney Poiter: not about winning, but making a difference That Girl -September 1966 -First show about a single woman -Force behind the show *scripts *clothes -Production aspects -end of season, she had a boyfriend on the show, the producer wanted them to marry but she said â€Å"Hell no! † Making a Difference -Advocate for women's rights *The Ms. Foundation for Women -St. Jude's Children's (Cancer) Research Hospital *Her dad founded this in 1960 Janis wanted what med had- everything Don't compromise yourself. You're all you've got. † Janis Joplin: first female rockstar -wanted to be equal with men -she wanted a personal life -From Port Arthur, TX; always wrote letters and kept in touch with her family -Dated musician Country Joe McDonald -Wanted a career, broke with the band â€Å"Big Brother†and went successfully solo -Died of heroine overdose -Made it okay for a woman to create her own kind of beauty -made it possible for women to have any type of career -1995: inducted into Rock ‘n' Roll Hall of Fame -Helped women reach for the starts -inspired female rockstars

Dramatic Climax Essay

How Does Miller Create Interest in Act Three, the Dramatic Climax Of â€Å"The Crucible†?  In Act Three of Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible†, tension rises in the courtroom of Salem as John Proctor, Giles and Francis strive to save the lives and respect of their wives. As the trials progress, the audience concentrate more on certain individuals and how they struggle to maintain power and authority in the courtroom. Miller called his play â€Å"The Crucible† because a crucible is a container in which metals are heated to extract the pure element from dross or impurities. In Act 3, John Proctor is tested in a life threatening ordeal and his choice of death rather than betrayal of his conscience shows us that he too has come through the fire to be purified. This creates interest because the comparison of Proctor’s situation and going through fire to be purified is powerful. ‘Going through fire’ emphasises on the pain he must suffer. The audience sympathise for his pain and suffering and so they are interested in Act 3 to see the consequences of the dramatic climax. The main focus of Act 3 has to do with determining who will define innocence and guilt. Proctor makes one audacious gamble for this authority by finally overcoming his desire to protect his reputation, exposing an inner secret sin. He hopes to replace his wife’s blame with his own guilt and bring Abigail down as well in the process. He reveals his private life to examination, hoping to gain some authority, but he does not realise that the competition is high, people may show more energy in the delivery and presentation of their speech. Too many reputations are at stake and Proctor’s surprise comes too late to stop the avalanche. This also creates interest as Proctor is the protagonist who the audience are encouraged to focus on and sympathise with. Proctor making this audacious gamble interests the audience, builds up to whatever the outcome may be, the dramatic climax. Desperation and persuasion are emotions involved within this act. There is a great deal of climax and suspense displayed using many different dramatic devices. Dramatic devices are made to engender interest in the audience. The dramatic devices present in this act seem to follow an order of operation, of starting with the least dramatic to the most dramatic. As more devices build up, more interest is likely to develop. The development of interest is then switched to the climax (turning point). The act starts with a common device such as character interaction. Character interaction in Act 3 set in a courtroom is a lot different to usual character interaction:  GILES (beginning to plead): They be tellin’ lies about my wife, sir, I-  DANFORTH Do you take it upon yourself to determine what this court shall believe and what it shall set aside?  GILES Your Excellency, we mean no disrespect for-  DANFORTH Disrespect indeed! It is disruption, Mister. This is the highest court of the supreme government of this province, do you know it? The fact that Giles is cut off by Danforth before even managing to finish his sentence, shows that more power is on Danforth’s side whilst Giles is beginning to plead for freedom. It also shows that the pace of speech may be very quick as everyone is determined to get their message across. The effect that this gives is that questions and quick speeches build up suspense for answers. Also, Danforth interrogating Giles shows his authority and possession of power over him. The interrogation can also be seen as a dramatic device, it creates interest with the audience waiting for answers to the questions. Another dramatic device is the use of vocal variety. When characters interact in a different way of speech, it shows there is a change of behaviour. It grabs the attention and suspense of the audience and makes them wonder to where this may lead to. An example:  GILE’S VOICE (roaring) I have evidence for the court!  As Giles is roaring, there is a great sense of energy in Giles’ voice, as if he were roaring like a lion. This contributes to the idea of getting the message across to the rest of the court members and the energy makes the audience feel more alert, just like a lion would. This makes the situation more interesting as roaring isn’t usually how Giles would react, so the audience are interested to know where the roaring would lead to. In Act 3, based on the courtroom scene, body language, gestures and even facial expressions play a key role of grabbing the audience’s interest. These factors reveal the character’s personalities depending on what their actions are like. If a character’s actions are more open and broad, it may suggest that they are more confident and powerful. However, if a character’s actions are reserved and tightened, it may suggest that they are under-confident and weaker:  PARRIS (sweating): These people should be summoned. (DANFORTH looks up at him questioningly.) For questioning. As Parris is sweating, this shows that he is anxious about his decision of the people being summoned, but then gains back his confidence when Danforth looks up at him, so he answers back at Danforth’s questioningly look. This interests the audience as there is a change of behaviour within a character.  Characters are at their upmost desperation for innocence and reputation, the matter of what is at stake and how do characters react really indulges itself into the drama. Death is at stake and characters are becoming more and more desperate progressing through the scene. Since the storyline is based upon witch hunting in Salem, the girls who are shown to be witches act out in an eccentric manner. The hysteria of the girls is shown dramatic as it displays what separates the sane from the insane and really engages the interest of the audience. Being set in a courtroom would mean that character interaction is shown from all angles. There is power to be shifted from someone who is higher in authority, and has more arguments to clear themselves from any kind misjudgement to someone who is unable yet desperate to defend themselves.

patient

Should a doctor always tell the truth to his patient? This question may seem very simple for most of us but when we look at this question closer we can recognize that it is a real difficult problem that our doctors face in everyday life. Not telling the truth may take many forms, also has many purposes, and, of course, leads to many different consequences. Telling the truth and untruth, in fact, takes one of the common questions that our humanity tried to solve over time but unfortunately nobody knows exactly what is better: always telling the truth or concealing some information and lying. Not telling the truth in the doctor-patient relationship requires special attention because some patients today, more than ever, experience serious harm if doctors hide some information about patient’s condition. Honesty matters for patients. They need it because they are ill, vulnerable, and they want to feel support in their relationship with doctors. Usually ill patients ask doctors some questions, which require truthful answers. But not all doctors know how to respond properly to their patients. Doctors have two choices, which they can use in their practice. For every doctor it is very important to make a proper choice to answer to the patient and be sure what kind of consequences their answer can lead to. First choice is telling the truth and the second choice is to give information that will not be so harmful for the patient. To find the best way to answer this question is not easy because all people are different and our views are also not alike. We do not know exactly how another person will react and that is why we have to think before saying anything. Usually, patients like to get good news from their doctors, but, in some cases, it’s almost impossible to get good news about their health. The lack of correct information makes a patient unable to plan his or her life. For example, if a person has cancer or any other form of illness as A... patient Free Essays on Doctor/patient Should a doctor always tell the truth to his patient? This question may seem very simple for most of us but when we look at this question closer we can recognize that it is a real difficult problem that our doctors face in everyday life. Not telling the truth may take many forms, also has many purposes, and, of course, leads to many different consequences. Telling the truth and untruth, in fact, takes one of the common questions that our humanity tried to solve over time but unfortunately nobody knows exactly what is better: always telling the truth or concealing some information and lying. Not telling the truth in the doctor-patient relationship requires special attention because some patients today, more than ever, experience serious harm if doctors hide some information about patient’s condition. Honesty matters for patients. They need it because they are ill, vulnerable, and they want to feel support in their relationship with doctors. Usually ill patients ask doctors some questions, which require truthful answers. But not all doctors know how to respond properly to their patients. Doctors have two choices, which they can use in their practice. For every doctor it is very important to make a proper choice to answer to the patient and be sure what kind of consequences their answer can lead to. First choice is telling the truth and the second choice is to give information that will not be so harmful for the patient. To find the best way to answer this question is not easy because all people are different and our views are also not alike. We do not know exactly how another person will react and that is why we have to think before saying anything. Usually, patients like to get good news from their doctors, but, in some cases, it’s almost impossible to get good news about their health. The lack of correct information makes a patient unable to plan his or her life. For example, if a person has cancer or any other form of illness as A...

Fluid Power School Essay Example

Fluid Power School Essay Example Fluid Power School Essay Fluid Power School Essay Essay Topic: We Real Cool Fluid Power School BY Mikecole1911 Original November 10, 1994 BASIC PNEUMATICS FLUID POWER l. Basic definition of Fluid Power: A fluid is any media that will flow when contained in some form of vessel or conductor such pipe, hose or tubing. The media can be air, oil, water, gases etc. The media when moved with pressure or force is capable of producing ready energy, which can be used to perform limitless automated functions. Fluid power is most often used to create linear and or rotary motion. The forms of fluid power discussed in this forum are pneumatic technology with some light coverage of hydraulics. A. Trends with Fluid Power: 1. The field of hydraulics is a growth industry in the USA. The primary cause for this expansion is the fact that many manufacturers in the US are automating a great deal of heavy manufacturing industries in order to compete with overseas developing nations, and the European and Japanese manufacturers that have already been in the automation mode for many years. Hydraulic technology is the heavy-duty muscles of manufacturing, no other form of industrial power provides as much work capability at a competitive cost. Along with this muscle come environmental oncerns, proper disposal of warn out hydraulic oil, old strainers and filters are issues that need to be addressed. The other obvious area is leaks in hydraulic systems are a constant nuisance. 2. Pneumatic technology is growing rapidly every year. This is largely due to many factors; Pneumatic fluid power is clean, less expensive to implement than hydraulics, and economical to use. As the domestic manufacturing base moves toward lighter high tech type industries, compressed air still provide more bang for the Buck than any other power source without the negative environmental effects of hydraulics. : Linear and rotary motion can be generated with great speed, reliability and precision using pneumatic cylinders, air motors and rotary actuators. Compressed air technology has seen great expansion as original equipment manufactures (OEMS) continue to utilize pneumatic systems on their machines and equipment. Most of the time the customer has plant air available for use, but in some cases OEMs are using small on board compressors that are quiet, efficient and capable of producing ample volumes of compressed air at pressures up to 150 psig. The copier industry and medical fields are two major examples. Almost anyone can benefit from a working knowledge of basic pneumatic capability. That is the intent of this seminar, to provide a basic exposure of general capabilities that could be employed to meet the pneumatic needs in your business. Seminar Format: A: Generic presentations of various fluid power components: The basic functions and variations of the major components available in the Fluid Power Industry. B: Review the basic layout of a pneumatic system. 2. FRL Gauges 3. Safety Blow Down Valve (Lockout valve) 4. Directional Control Valves 5. Actuators Cylinders, rotary actuators, air motors, Robotic Grippers etc. Accessories Flow Controls, needle valves, pressure switches, check valves, vacuum generators, relief valves etc. 7. Pneumatic Logic (alternative to PLC) C: ANSI Symbol Handout and Overview: D: Basic Pneumatic Schematic Handout: 1. Review Pneumatic ANSI symbols 2. Walk through schematic Ill. Generic Presentations of Components Compressor: There are several types of air compressors on the market today. The most common are rotary screw and reciprocating piston type compressors. Most compressors require oil similar to automobile engines to extend life and keep them running moothly. This oil is almost always present in the compressed air sent into the plants air system. The oil can be in the form of burned off hydrocarbons, air line or airborne oil in liquid or vapor form. Compressor selection for a facility is not the focus of this seminar, but Component Supply is an authorized Ingersoll Rand Dealer and we can assist anyone that needs to select a compressor for your facility. A full range of portable or on board compressors are also available that range from sizes small enough to fit in the palm of your hand, to 2 horsepower units. These small ompressors generate surprisingly high volumes of air and vacuum at pressures up to 150 psig and vacuum to 28. 8 Hg. These compressors are usually oiless in design and are an industry unto them selves. Liquid handling systems and process control are other areas that can be assisted by the use of fluid power technology. As stated before, anything that flows can be dealt with using this industrys equipment and technology. So keep this in mind for any needs you may have that fit this general description. FRL Gauges: FRLs or filters, regulators and lubricators are used to properly condition the air for use in a pneumatic system. These combination units can be provided in full size confguration or a more compact miniature version. Many people assume that com pressed air is clean by its nature, this is a great misnomer and poor quality compressed air will cause components to wear faster, and inhibit the reliability of the system. Compressed air is a control medium Just as is electricity; it needs to be conditioned from raw form in order to work as expected. Electricity must be filtered and so does air. The contraction FRL is also the order in which the conditioning proc ess takes place. Air is first filtered, and then regulated to the proper working ressure and, in some systems it is then lubricated to improve the function of various components. A pressure gauge mounted to the regulator will indicate the operating pressure in the system. Properly conditioned air is the grass roots toa well-designed fluid power system. Filtration: Particulate Function and dynamics 2. Depth Filtration-Torturous Path 3. Contaminant Removal 4. Water removal -Removes water in droplet form no vapor removal. 5. Element micron size Element Materials Polypropylene and Sintered Bronze 6. Flow rating vs. element rating finer rating yields lower flow. Coalescing Function and ynamics 1 . Oil Removal-Droplet and aerosols 2. Particulate removal-Depth filtration 3. Aerosol removal coalescing style filters filters out oil aerosols and their negative effects to system reliability are removed as well. 4. Life expectancy of the element average 3-6 months. Check the color Brown = need for change. 5. Material is borosilicate glass Pre-Filter desirability, 5 Micron particulate filters extend life and function of Coalescing unit. 6. Flow capability / pressure drop Options for Filters: Polycarbonate or Metal Bowls Automatic and Manual drains 2. 3. Sight Glasses 4. Diverter blocks . Mounting Options A. Nipple Mount B. Modular Mount Systems Maintenance general WATER REMOVAL: Water in pneumatic systems has been a common problem for circuits that use on board oiless compressors. This is because there is usually not much distance between point of use for the air and the compressor the temperature of compressed air is elevated after compression and drops rapidly when it travels through the system. This temperature drops result in the dew point being reduced all the way through the system and developing water as the higher temperature of newly compressed air-cools and expands. In most industrial plant pneumatic systems a refrigerated air dryer is used to cool the compressed air and remove most of the water before it ever leaves the compressor room. Particulate filters are very efficient water removers when the water is in droplet form. Simple heat exchangers such as coiled copper tubing and serpentine bending arrangements have proven VERY effective at getting the water into droplet form. This allows the filters to take the water out of the system and thus improve reliability. Todays technology also allows you more tolerance for water in the system than older types of valve and cylinder esigns. We never advocate water as acceptable in the systems but components that can handle it will make your system more reliable and efficient. Pressure Regulators: What is their purpose in the system 1 . Function and Dynamics Two way normally open valves with diaphragm or piston as the regulation device. 2. Relieving and Non-relieving Styles 3. Regulation ranges 0-20, Instrument, 0-60 Low, 0-125 General 4. Mounting options 5. Tamper resistance Caps, Keys, Removable knobs 6. Maintenance general Lubricators: 1 . Function and Dynamics Sump-siphon tube-bypass check valve needle valve sight ome. 2. Flow required allowing the lubricator to function (2 SCFM Minimum) 3. Forms of Lubricators Fog Type: Fog Type lubricators are best applied for general-purpose type applications where the components are not sensitive to over lubrication or very precise lubrication. Micro Fog Type: Micro Fog Type lubricators are best applied in those applications where the components require fine-metered oil mist lubrication. This type of unit provides a more uniform supply of atomized oil mist. Drop type: Drop Type lubricators are best applied for general-purpose type applications where the omponents are not sensitive to over lubrication or very precise lubrication and the oil mist is not required to be as fine as those created by mist type lubricators. The oil dispensed from drop type lubricators will travel the shortest distance to components. 4. Maintenance general refilling procedures, fill under pressure, button fill features, bowl removal potential wear and failure points. Integral Filter / Regulators 1. Form Function and Dynamics 2. Advantages 3. Particulate Filters are usually the only type available in (Piggy Back) units. Some are now available in Coalescing style units. 4. Safety Blow Down Valves (Lockout Valve): Safety blow down valves are three way valves that shut off the air supply to a machine or system and then exhaust the remaining air in the machine to atmosphere. The primary purpose of this item is for SAFETY. Valves of this type are an absolute must in any machine, control circuit or system. By exhausting the residual air in the machine to atmosphere there is no stored energy in the machine. One last cycle in the machine could crush an operators hand or cause other types of injury. This is an OSHA requirement that should NEVER be ignored. Remember, a 2. 5 ore air cylinder with 80 psig pressure behind it has 400 lbs. of force ready willing and able to do great damage if accidentally cycled. Lockout valves function and features: Lockout or blows down valves are three way valves usually with a palm button or lever actuator positioned to allow the operator to depressurize the machine by hitting the button in an emergency. The air supply is terminated and residual pressure in the system is exhausted. A Lockout Valve: A lockout valve is the same function as described above except a padlock device is also provided to allow a service technician to lock the air supply in the off position. This guarantees safety to the technician when working on the machine; he can physically lock the valve in the closed position. Directional Control Valves: Directional control valves are utilized to control the operation of fluid power actuators or direct the flow of fluids in more than one direction. A single acting actuator requires Pressure in one direction to operate and a spring or load will return it. A three way directional control valve is used to operate a single acting actuator. A actuator. A four way directional control valve is used to operate a double acting unit. These components will be explained in detail later on. There are many functions of valves in industrial automation systems, 85% of all directional control valves for cylinder, air motor, or rotary actuator control are four way valves. Actuator control is not the only purpose directional control valves serve, the designer is really only limited to their own creativity. Valve Function and Flow Patterns Two Way Valves 1. Normally Open (Passing) 2. Normally Closed (Non: Double Solenoid vs. Single Solenoid Valve Design and Configuration 1. Poppet Style A. Armature Style Direct Lift (Direct Acting) B. Rubber Poppet (Pilot Assisted) 2. Spool Valves (Balanced vs. Unbalanced) A. Dynamic Seal B. Lapped Spool and Sleeve C. Bonded Spool D. Lapped Spool in Body A. In Line Mount B. Bar Stock Manifold Mounting C. Flexible Manifold Mounting/ Electrical interface options Sub-D 25 PIN, Fieldbus etc. 4. Stacking Mounts Custom designs for the OEM or special needs. 5. Accessories A. Sandwich Flow Controls B. Sandwich Regulators C. Blocking Discs D. Blank Station Plates E. Exhaust Restrictors F. Indicator Lights / Surge Suppression G. Integral vacuum generators attached to valves Cylinders Cylinders provide linear motion that can be used to perform a limitless amount of mechanical functions. Cylinders are available from fractional bore size up to 24 bore and beyond providing a range of forces capable of achieving almost anything. Air cylinders usually employ some type of elastomer sealing mechanism such as an O ring or lip type seals. Hydraulic cylinders sometimes use elastomer seals for lower pressures (1500 psig and below) or automotive style metallic piston rings for higher pressures of 5000 psig and higher. They can sometimes be thought of as air cylinders on steroids. Because hydraulics was the first form of fluid power air cylinders that followed were at first nothing more than converted hydraulic cylinders with soft seals (leather initially) that would be leak free with air. As a result air cylinders were at first ver designed and a classic case of overkill. In the past decades air cylinders have been streamlined and cost reduced to meet the cost/function goals of todays industrial market. There are basically two forms of cylinders, single acting and double acting. A single acting cylinder requires pressure from one direction to extend or retract it, and uses a spring or the weight of the load to operate it in the opposite direction. (Usually operated by a three-way valve) The side of the piston opposite the pressure source must be allowed to vent to atmosphere if its an air cylinder or return to tank if its a hydraulic cylinder. A double acting cylinder requires pressure in both directions to extend and retract the cylinder. (Usually operated by a four-way valve) The side of the piston that is not being pressurized is allowed to exhaust back through the valve either to atmosphere or to tank. Cylinder Styles and Confgurations A. Roll crimped Stainless Steel Bimba Style B. Barrel Type Threaded body C. NFPA Tie Rod Design Interchangeable Type D. Low Profile or Pancake Style E. Power Slides F. Rodless Cylinders/Cable Cylinders/Band Cylinders G. Linear Thrusters/ Non-Rotating Cylinders H. Parts Feed Escapements l. Rolling Diaphragm Style Cylinders K. Multi-Position Cylinders (Duplex Cylinders) L. Position Feedback Cylinders M. ISO Interchange IS06431 IS06432 Cylinder Features and Function A. Cushions B. Bumpers C. Shock Absorbers D. Position Sensing 1 . Magnetic Reed Switch (MRS) 2. Hall Effect Switch 3. Integral Mechanical Proximity Switches 4. Integral Mechanical Pneumatic Switches 5. Transducer Probes-position Feedback E. High Temperature F. Pressure Breakaway issues and specifications Special Cylinders in General Speed Control of Cylinders (Speed can be made variable to need) A. Flow Controls B. Needle Valves C. Exhaust Restrictors/Speed Control Mufflers D. Fixed Orifice Meter In vs. Meter Out speed control methodology Factors That Reduce Cylinder Life A. Side Load B. Poor Quality Air C. Too Much Lubrication D. Improper Mounting Creates Side Load E. Stroke Length Long Strokes F. Bottoming out on The End Caps G. High Cycle Rates High or Low Temperature Calculating Cylinder Force The force that an air cylinder is capable of producing can be calculated by taking the area of piston diameter and then multiplying it by the airline pressure you have available. You must remember to deduct the piston rod area from the retract side of he piston because your working pressure will not be able to act on this surface. A key point to remember is that fluid power is FLEXIBLE power by reducing or increasing your working pressure you can decrease or increase your force exerted at a known rate. The formula for this calculated using: 0 x roo x Line pressure = Output stroke or rotation of a pneumatic device. Electrical drive mechanisms generally do not have this feature and are limited in stroke or travel. Air Motors Air Motors provide rotary motion with a shaft that can be continuous in either one or both directions. The air motor is an alternate source of power in lieu of the electric motor. Air motors can be stalled without damage or a rise in heat, which is a real advantage over electric motors. Air consumption and exhaust noise is the two major concerns for air motors. It is also important to note that air motors must be lubricated. Vanes are used inside the motor for the air to act on and drive the shaft. There is a known amount of leakage past the vanes when the motor is both stalled and operational. Adjusting the working pressure exposed to the motor can vary the power or torque provided by an air motor. Valve selection and speed control options are basically the same as would be used for air cylinders. A unidirectional air motor is analogous to a single acting air cylinder and a Bi-directional motor is analogous to a double acting cylinder. Rotary Actuators Rotary actuators provide rotary motion to a shaft through conversion of cylinders attached toa rack and pinion or a vane. As the rack and pinion move or the vane moves the attached shaft provides rotary motion usually not more than one revolution or 3600, when the rack or vane is returned to the home position the shaft is also returned to the home position. The actual rotation of the shaft can be specified when ordering usually this is done in 450 increments. The actuator can be single acting and returned with a spring or double acting and returned with pressure. Rotation adjustments are very handy and reduce the need for extreme tolerances of other mechanisms that help reduce overall machine cost. Styles and Rack and Pinion Style A. Single Rack vs. Double Rack B. Backlash How to eliminate it. C. Higher in precision than vane type D. Shaft Vs. Flange output Vane Type A. Low Cost B. High Breakaway C. Shorter Life D. Higher Rate of Leakage E. Limited Range of Rotation (2700 Max) Control of Actuator Motion A. Valving 4 Way valves 2 3 position valves. B. Speed Control of actuators 1 . Flow Controls 2. Needle Valves 3. Fixed Orifice 1. Bumpers 2. Cushions 3. Hydraulic Shock Absorbers C. Accuracy the precision of a rotary actuator is usually a function of control and design by the end user. The implementation of hard stops and bumpers etc determine type ability to achieve maximum repeatability. Options For Rotary Actuators Position sensing all of the switching options that are available on cylinders are also available in rotary actuators as well. Proximity sensing can also be used in both external and even internal formats. A. Rotation Adjustment *** C. Dual shafts D. Multiple Angles E. Cushions Bumpers F. Non Standard Port Location G. Specials Pneumatic Robotic Grippers Grippers are usually used in higher-level automation systems where pick and place type functions are required. Depending on the style and confguration needed the grippers can range from being very low cost to several hundred dollars. Remember one very important fact you can always purchase a better gripper for less money than it costs to design and make your own. 1. Basic Styles A. Parallel Grippers Jaws move in parallel motion. B. Angular Grippers Jaws move in angular parallel motion 900 Grippers 1800 Grippers 2. Basic Features and Function A. Stroke Adjustments B. Open and Closed Sensors C. Single and Double Acting D. Optical Encoder Option E. Repeatability from Gripper to Gripper (key for field service) F. Operational repeatability l. Accessories and Miscellaneous Components A. Flow Controls C. Check Valve D. Pressure Switches E. Vacuum Generators G. Relief Valves H. Quick Exhaust Valve REV. B Revised 03/07/93 enhanced coverage expanded verbiage of descriptive areas. REV. C Revised 09/10/93 tailored format and topics to OEM business and imaging machine needs. REV. D. Revised 11/10/94 to have a more generic appeal. REV. E. 1 1/1 5/95 Converted File from WordStar 6. 0 to MS Word 7. 0, removed some information that does not apply to customers. REV. G 05/21/2001 Updated basic wording in various areas. July 17, 1995 Pneumatic Logic Introduction: Pneumatic Logic is a control medium very similar to electricity. Over the years the popularity of pneumatic control logic has varied depending on several issues such as reliability, cost, troubleshooting, technology and application nvironments. Moving Parts Logic (MPL) Also Known as Pilot Logic, MPL can be used in conjunction with or in lieu of electrical controls on automated machines. This form of control medium was very popular in the 1970s due to lower cost and small size compared to relay electrical control systems. Todays PLCs have closed that gap in a dramatic fashion. Today MPL has its place in hazardous applications such as paint spray booths or areas where a spark could cause an explosion. In automated assembly or automatic machines Pneumatic Logic is still the lowest cost form of Anti-tie Down echanisms and assembly processes that require 5 or less steps. After 5 steps or more the PLC is often (but not always) lower in cost and smaller in size than MPL, it also offers better diagnostics for debug. When used in conjunction with Air Pilot operated power valves, manually and mechanically operated Limit Valves MPL allows for sequencing, time delays, parts sensing, position sensing etc. Almost any automated process can be achieved with MPL. Pneumatic Logic when applied properly is also very compact and highly reliable. 1. Mounting Formats A. Individual Bases

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal Development - Essay Example The person interviewed was a middle-aged African American who was born in America. The interviewee shared his experience of life and how things going around him developed his personal characteristics. He confessed that he faced many problems in life because of his different ethnicity, culture and social values but all the challenges he faced developed him personally. The interviewee shared his views on socialization, interpersonal behavior and language and cognition. In addition to it, self and personality, family, gender and sexuality and illness and health helped him in developing good characteristics. The interviewee shared his childhood and adulthood moments and discussed the support he got from people and the difficulties he faced in his life. He mentioned that everything that occurred with him in his lifetime helped him as he took everything positively. He was determined that a positive attitude can change his life and he can come over with all his problems if he takes everythi ng that happens to him positively.

Assessment Of Resource Capabilities Of BMW Assignment

Assessment Of Resource Capabilities Of BMW - Assignment Example In an effort to uphold quality inventory in its earlier years, BMW ensured that it had innovative technology that would also help the company reach a larger audience. The easy to navigate website captured the attention of many customers making it very simple for people to order commodities As years have gone by, the company has incorporated modern age technology in an effort to increase the market value of its products. In 2009, BMW introduced a software package that would assist in monitoring its workflow and make forecasts on the effects caused by various real estate decisions made. Moreover, it acquired a system that would help intensify its e-commerce trades by faster processing of orders.   With the advent of new technology, the company is bound to make even higher sales (Fleisher, 2008, 48).With relation to tangible resources, it is important to note that the company has made numerous strides in an effort to keep in touch with advancements in the industry. The company has had the ability to buy new machinery that has assisted in cutting down the costs per production. This is the fact that in earlier years, the company had faced numerous challenges having to outsource some of its departments facing the uneven market demographics. Human resource has also worked to ensure that the company gets back to its high market position that it enjoyed in the 1990s. This is from the increased number of retail shops around the world majoring in the sale of BMW products